学习笔记，边学边记

文件系统中跳转

  • pwd — 打印出当前工作目录名
  • cd — 更改目录
  • ls — 列出目录内容
  • file — 确定文件类型
  • less — 浏览文件内容，q 退出
    复制和粘贴小技巧

    鼠标移动到想要复制的文件名上双击左键，即复制，再在命令行里单机右键，即粘贴啦。

操作文件和目录

  • cp — 复制文件和目录
  • mv — 移动/重命名文件和目录
  • mkdir — 创建目录
  • rm — 删除文件和目录
  • ln — 创建硬链接和符号链接
    rm 实例
    命令 运行结果
    rm file1 默默地删除文件
    rm -i file1 除了在删除文件之前，提示用户确认信息之外，和上面的命令作用一样
    rm -r file1 dir1 删除文件 file1, 目录 dir1，及 dir1 中的内容
    rm -rf file1 dir1 同上，除了如果文件 file1，或目录 dir1 不存在的话，rm 仍会继续执行

一些好用的命令

screen 关闭远程连接，程序继续运行
  • screen -ls 查看所有 screen 会话
  • screen -S name 新建 screen 会话
  • screen -r name 进入 screen 会话
  • ctrl + a + d 退出
  • ctrl + a + k 终止
  • screen -X -S 1234 quit 杀死 screen 会话
换源
  • sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak 备份原来的source.list文件
  • sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list 修改sources.list文件

  • 添加镜像源

    # 中科大镜像源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 阿里镜像源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

推荐阅读：《快乐的 Linux 命令行》